Do people claim that 14500 have higher capacity than RCR123 based on a test done on a sample of what... two cells done a couple of years ago that showed about 3% difference? That is not enough to claim "14500 last longer than RCR123." In my experience, they last the essentially the same.
Are there any other tests I haven't seen?
When you think about it... a 16340 has 16x34=544cu mm of cell volume and a 14500 has 14x50=700cu mm of cell volume... the 14500 has 29% greater cell volume. So even if the labeled capacity is similar, it stands to reason that a 14500 should have greater capacity than a 16340. And some 14500 cells are now labeled as having 900 mAh capacity, a 20% stated increase in capacity over a 750 mAh 16340 cell.
Interestingly, Selfbuilt has stated in this post
http://www.candlepowerforums.com/vb/showpost.php?p=2994976&postcount=62
"In my testing of various AW RCR and 14500s over the years, I find 14500 typically has 25-30% greater capacity even though they are rated the same. This is in testing the cells with the same head in lights have multiple battery tubes.
But of course, that is just an average. I've seen a fair amount of variability within each type. If you are familiar with standard deviation, I can tell you the typical SD is about 15% of the mean value for the 6-8 cells of each type I have tested. I try to use batteries as close to the mean as possible, but it's not exact.
So when you factor in the variance introduced by testing different sample Quarks in the above test (noticing also that the Q123 is producing slightly higher output than the QAA), the ~50% increase with 14500 is within expected variability."
=======
With the availability of the Quark AA, Nitecore D10, Jet I Pro IBS v3.0, ConneXion X2, even the AKOray K-106 (awesome $22 light!!!) and other multi-level/multi-mode single-cell AA lights that run on 14500 Li-Ion, L91 Lithium primaries, AA Eneloops, and the lowly AA alkaline... I have become much more a fan of such AA lights than lights designed to run on a single CR123. Not that I dislike the single CR123/RCR123 lights (I have a bunch of them!
🙂 )... I just see much greater utility and powering flexibility with the newer single AA lights that run on 14500 li-ion.