In the lumens race there are more and more manufacturers offering greater output but only for a few minutes.
Is it really an advancement to have some led overdriven to 5k lumens for a few seconds? (exaggeration for dramatic effect. But you know what I mean)
The advancement from xhp70.0 to xhp70.2 is 3,600 lumens to 4000 lumens or more accurately to say about 165 lumens per watt at the emitter to 180 lumens per watt.
Whether or not the rest of the flashlight has improved, LEDs can be much brighter for the watts than they are right now.
In the 1960s, when LED technology was starting to be widely used, they were converting over 12 percent of the energy into light. By 2000 this was around 20%. Now in 2020 it's close to 30%, the maximum theoretical is 49.9% as a semiconductor can't reach 100% it is only pheasable for 50% minus losses.
We have a long way to go. For 1 hour runtime the tk75 from 2014 could put out around 1600 lumens or a little more with 8 18650s, now with 8 21700s the Imalent ms18 can output what, like 10,000 lumens for an hour?
That's a huge efficiency improvement. Yes the short MS18 runtime on max of 100k>75k>25k>15k lumens lasts but 1 minute, the fundamental increase in energy efficiency and energy storage has made lights of today leaps and bounds more advanced than 5 years ago.
Increased use of burst modes for 30 seconds of light is not B.S. when compared to the 1000 lumen burst modes of our past either, and any brand-focused improvement you see shows this as being basic fact: longer sustained runtimes, longer pushes at the same high mode being a previous lights' turbo mode, and brighter maximum settings.
Fenix lights still make light that has 15 minute runtime.
But Nitecores' push it till you fail attitude hasn't changed, it's just the Nitecore tm quads of the past with 4000 lumens for 30 seconds is replaced with the very thermally efficient tm9k with 9,500 lumens for yes, 30 seconds. The 21700 5000 mah battery having more than have the 4x18650s from the 2010 nitecore quads with only 2,500 mah batteries from the wrong provider.
In any case there is significant advancement in my opinion. New problems with LED thermal management are happening (in 2008 the biggest heat source in a flashlight was the driver)
Now that the efficiency has eclipsed 25 percent, the biggest heat source is the LED and that needs different design solutions.