LED Basic Theories.....

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**DONOTDELETE**

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Hi. I am doing a Chemistry project on consumer projects, and I picked LED because I found it a very interesting subject.


I would be most appreciated if you could answer some of the following troubles I found dealing with how SEDs work. (I hope you could reply real soon because I need this in less than a week)


First I would like to know what 'GaN' means (just pick one of them for example). Does it mean that Ga and N are both doped into the silicon crystal, and Ga is 'the hole' and that N is the donor of electrons?

I also have some questions on the the band gap and where the light actually emits. I hope this is correct: When the electrons needed to pass through the quantom layers of their atom (N) to a lower layer energy level of the (Ga), and therefore release the excessive energy in the form of light? If my 'theory' is incorrect, what exactly happens? Is there anyway to explain how or why the energy becomes light?

I would also know how the band gap (the gap between the conduction band and valence band) is related to all this? Does the light release in the gap?

If the LED is only goes one direction, how come it doesn't become 'used up' (both sides become an insulator -- all the holes are filled)? In other words, how does the electric current keep the transition between the holes and electrons going over and over again?

Is there any 'chemistry' related stuff, if any, are involved in the proccess that I didn't mention about? (like any formulas etc) If it is way too complicated it wouldn't be neccessary becuase this is just Honors Chemistry in High School.

Thx for reading our email and answering my questions
-Eric
 
<BLOCKQUOTE><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial">quote:</font><HR>Originally posted by Geminass:

First I would like to know what 'GaN' means (just pick one of them for example). Does it mean that Ga and N are both doped into the silicon crystal, and Ga is 'the hole' and that N is the donor of electrons?
<HR></BLOCKQUOTE>

GaN is exactly what it sounds like: Gallium Nitride. Gallium is the primary element, it is then doped with varying amounts of nitrogen and indium and the whole mess is built on top of a slab of artificial sapphire. The nitrogen plays a role in the basic mechanics (holes and receptors) and the indium changes the quantum well structure & quantum bandgap width - and therefore, the LED's visible color.

I don't believe silicon plays a major role in these LEDs, but I would have to bone up on my metal organic chemical vapor deposition first.
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<BLOCKQUOTE><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial">quote:</font><HR>
I also have some questions on the the band gap and where the light actually emits. I hope this is correct: When the electrons needed to pass through the quantom layers of their atom (N) to a lower layer energy level of the (Ga), and therefore release the excessive energy in the form of light?
<HR></BLOCKQUOTE>

You really, really need to visit the following URL:
http://people.bu.edu/efs/Light-Emitting-Diodes-dot-org/index.html

This site goes into some rather technical detail of how LEDs work, and I believe it tells you how they function down to the subatomic level.
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Although you may think I'm an expert because I have a large LED website, don't be fooled.
I had to learn all this stuff within the last year or two, and I barely know how the damn things work. If you're already discussing population inversion in a P-type receptor, or why the donors can keep filling the holes, you're way ahead of me.
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Give that website a try and see if it helps.
 
Thx for the link...


But...the site you gave me is too complicated! I just need the 'basic concepts'...

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does anyone know?
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<BLOCKQUOTE><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial">quote:</font><HR>Originally posted by Geminass:
Thx for the link...


But...the site you gave me is too complicated! I just need the 'basic concepts'...

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...
<HR></BLOCKQUOTE>

Oh oh... I guess there really isn't a handy guide like that around... it's either "electricity goes in, light comes out" or they go into a long dissertation of the nasty effects of impact ionization on nitrogen-doped gallium, a discussion of crystalline lattice defects in group IV nitride semiconductors, or some other such hooey that few of us *really* understand...
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Try this page and see what happens...
http://www.misty.com/people/don/ledc.html
 
so that's why led's look so cool! quantum physics rule! totally unable to help here, just push, slide, or twist, led's are the future in lighing tech.
 
Yup I know about that site, but it doesn't explain how it works tho...
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(Thx anyway)


I just need a brief explanation of how electrons go in LED (and the bandgap), and how electric current comes into play
 
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