Li-ion rechargeable batteries

P_A_S_1

Flashlight Enthusiast
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I'm new and still learning about li-ion rechargeable and have been going through many threads trying to understand more about the dos and don'ts/pros and cons of these batteries. There is lots of info but there are a few things I just don't grasp and to be honest some of the more technical threads are over my head so here are a few questions and things I would appreciate if someone could make a little clearer.

There is a guide for comparing voltage to battery capacity for li ion rechargeable, 4.2 being 100% and 3.5 being empty. I recently performed a runtime test on a 18650 (3100 AW) using a MD2 w/m61w drop-in and I got the following results;

4.16 v @ start
3.80 v @1 hour
3.64 v @1.5 hours
3.54 v @2 hours
3.42 v @2.5 hours
3.22 v @3 hours
2.77 v @3.5 hours

At 2.77 volts I stopped because i was afraid of over discharging the battery however the output was still decent and far from empty. After letting the battery rest for a minute or so voltage went up to 2.78. If 3.5 is empty why is output still good at 2.77? Was the voltage so low because of the load put on the battery during the test (in other words should i have let the battery rest longer then a minute to get a better reading)? Also, I would have expected if the battery was run down so low that the light's output would reflect that with very dim overall light being produced kind of like an incandescent bulb on dying alkalines. Was I wrong to assume this? Also the readings I took were using cotonpickers voltmeter which required me to stop the test and remove the battery for a reading. Is testing in this manner correct or does it produce off results because it just came off a 'load'?
 
There is a guide for comparing voltage to battery capacity for li ion rechargeable, 4.2 being 100% and 3.5 being empty.

That guide is only valid for some types of LiIon batteries, not for NCR18650A (3100mAh) batteries, and the guide also assumes that the voltage is measured with no load on the battery.
The best result about capacity versus voltage, is probably the article I published recently and I can see you have been in that thread.
There you can see voltage from a 3100mAh battery, measured for each 100mAh discharge, both with load and at different times after load is removed.
 
Yes I've read your recent article, it's a lot of information and I appreciate you sharing it. I've visited the page and your associated links a few times. This is new to me so it doesn't always make perfect sense but I'd like to get a decent grasp on it, especially in terms of the safety aspect.

BTW, should the battery have tripped if I ran it down to 2.77 (unloaded)? Surely it was lower then that while running the light and under load.
 
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"Putting out fire with gasoline...." David Bowie

No seriously, this interests me because I've always wanted to test my Li-ions but was too afraid to blow myself up.... or ruin my battery.

I did a search on your battery and came up with this site:

http://altsmoke.com/aw-18650-protected-3100-mah-rechargeable-lithium-battery.html

Which says AW is using some sort of Nickel based New Platform (NNP) with an operating voltage between 4.2 and 2.5 V... That would explain a lot of what you are asking, but this batt/technology is all new to me. I initially thought you might have just wasted a good battery. Perhaps HKJ can expand further?

Oh yeah....I'd stop further testing if I were you.
 
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I recently performed a run-down test on my OLight M-21X Light with one of these exact cells. I ran it until it shut off, and determined that the flashlight hit the PCB Cutoff at 2.5V. OF course, there was a serious amount of dimming by then, to the extent that the light had only 1 mode which was nearly a moonlight mode. Panasonic has designed these cells to be run until 2.5V, so 2.77 is a safe voltage. I've got 4 units (2 AW and 2 Kallie's Customs) based on this cell, and they all perform the same. If Panasonic thought the NNP Platform wasn't safe to 2.5V, they would have set the cutoff voltage higher. I wouldn't worry about hitting cutoff on these batteries. It is the only way to get the full capacity. The cell will last longer with frequent charges, but it is safe to go lower than 3.0V
 

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