Yes you do. You're introducing a resistance which reduces current and extends run time. However the resistor eats up a portion of the battery's energy so you will get less run time than you would with a properly regulated multi-level light which throttles the current to the LED without burning it up with extra resistance.
The answer to the question depends on how you define it.
Simply put, your light will shine a LOT longer with a resistored light.
I have a 1 watt light that runs about 1.5 hours on a single CR123.
Adding a resistor to drop the power to .075 watts enables it to shine for over 24 hours. If I only need to light the immediate area the .075 is enough. In a power failure it's nice to have the option.