When referring to protected cells vs. non-protected cells, are we speaking only of rechargeable cells only or, are there protected and non-protected, non-rechargeable batteries as well?
When people here speak of protected cells they specifically mean lithium ion rechargeable cells with an external electronic protection circuit attached to them. This circuit tends to guard against over voltage, under voltage and over current conditions.
There are also various non-electronic protective devices that may be incorporated into both rechargeable and non-rechargeable cells to guard against overload and short circuit, but this is not what people mean when they talk of protected cells.