You have two different things going on, with at least three visual systems involved.
--- dark adaptation (look up "visual pigment" and "night vision")
--- color vs. black/white vision (look up "rods" and "cones")
--- circadian clock receptors and melatonin synthesis (look up "blue light" and "melatonin")
This may help on the specific red light question about night vision and dark adaptation (which takes maybe 15 minutes, for the "visual purple" pigment in your eyes to regenerate after a brief flash of bright/white light):
http://home.earthlink.net/~astro-app/horsehead/DarkAdapt.htm
That's a different chemistry than the one that resets your body clock -- different cells in the retina, not the rods and cones --- and different wavelength and light intensity involved. The latter were only discovered in 2001 and are changing all sorts of things.
NASA found it takes only candlelight levels of brightness to set or reset the body clock.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/98/24/14027
Exposure to {approx}100 lux:
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abs...an&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT
So going to look at a sleeping baby with a red (or amber or yellow or green, but not blue) light will let the kid keep sleeping; using a standard white LED, which is very strong in blue light,
see the LEDMuseum pages for spectra showing the emissions
is likely to set the kid to "morning" and wake the kid up.
Kids and old people are less solid in their sleep cycle anyhow, so more sensitive to this most likely. Those of you in your 20s and 30s won't have noticed any problem, most likely, even using bright white LEDs in the middle of the night.
Your time will come (grin).