Well, even though I too have wanted a simple drop-in current limiter, I don't think I would try this, since it is asking for trouble. I hesitate even to post this because I imagine it will draw criticism as a bad idea and might lead to someone shorting a battery, but it would be cool if someone could manufacture something reliable based upon this simple idea and offer it for sale one day.
One might be able to use a very small 20-50 Ohm (maybe more depending on needed lumens and run time) resistor with the leads clipped and bent to form a slightly twisted "U". Then, a thin metal disk could be soldered to each lead to form parallel plates. An insulating layer of thin rubber sheet, vinyl, or silicon rubber could be glued or applied to the bottom of the disk that will contact the battery so as to prevent the disks from touching one another. The edges of these battery contact disks would also need to be insulated (silicone rubber?) to prevent shorting to the battery tube and bypassing the resistor; or worse, shorting the battery terminals. The resistor should be as small as possible (about 0.126"x0.075" is one of the smallest sizes if I recall) and be able to dissipate at least 1/4W. A dab of silicone rubber could insulate the resistor leads close to the resistor body, which would probably have to be located against the very edge to clear the battery. Notches in the plates would provide more space for the resistor. A variation using a surface mount resistor might also be possible.
Additional disclaimer: I do not know if this could be made to be reliable by a DIYer and I do not recommend it.