Well, there are 3 standardized sizes, following the E Surefires, the P60 Surefires, and the M Surefires. The first has 1", the second 1.25", and the third an even larger head. If you go to a dealer's website selling Surefires, and check on the filters/beam shapers, you will see the different types and be able to associate each filter/beam shaper with the appropriate head type.
Don (McGizmo) has a lot of custom lights following the E type, and the F04/F05 Surefire diffuser/red filter (for example) also fit the head of many of his lights (Haiku,...PD,...,). HDS also has 1" head. Fivemega then also produces bodies and heads according to the different standards. Don also produces bigger head lights, on an exceptional basis (current one -- the Makai).
By the way, this does not mean full compatibility in terms of threads, this is something that needs to be checked individually. But for instance you can buy a Fivemega 2x123A body that matches the E family in terms of size and also threads.
There is also such a thing as an adapter, e.g., one that fits an E body and can then accept a P60 head and drop-in, and a bigger adaptor that matches P60 type bodies onto an M head.
The Peak lights have their own standardization, and can be interchanged with each other in many cases. I believe maybe also Mac's customs have their own type of interchangeability.
What else? The new run of Surefires has unfortunately abandoned their own standardization, in a way trying to muscle out a large existing family of products that complement their own. Yes, maybe the lose a sale when someone buys bodies and other parts from 3rd parties, but also they get a lot of business since may of us continue to buy many Surefire parts. As these parts stop being produced, e.g., bezels, and tailcaps, now we will have to buy all of these from 3rd parties. So a double-edged business decision, in my opinion, by Surefire.