The color is the wavelength of the light:
Red=620.50
Amber=584.50
Green=520.00
Cyan= 490.00
Blue=460.00
Royal-Blue=440.00
As you can see, the CYAN LED is only 30nm shorter wavelength than the GREEN
Each person has a slightly different perspective on color; often when I show the CYAN adapter to people - about 75% of them respond telling me its "GREEN", then when I bring out the "real" GREEN Led, they suddenly do a "double-take" and are surprised
Some people think the CYAN is "Green" and then tell me that the GREEN is another color; other people call it "Turq" or "Blue-Green", very few know it as "Cyan"
So, in summary - its all relative to the perspective of the observer
The human eye is very sensitive, but not linear
For example, here is a relative sensitive chart of nm/brightness for the "average" human eye:
nmEye/Sensitivity/Color
420.00/0.02/Violet
442.00/0.04/Violet-Blue
450.00/0.05/Blue
457.90/0.06/Blue
488.00/0.19/Green-Blue
500.00/0.32/Blue-Green
514.00/0.59/Green
532.00/0.89/Green
543.50/0.97/Green
550.00/1.00/Yellow-Green
555.00/1.00/Yellow-Green
568.00/0.96/Yellow-Green
580.00/0.87/Yellow
594.10/0.71/Orange-Yellow
600.00/0.63/Orange
611.90/0.48/Red-Orange
632.80/0.24/Orange-Red
635.00/0.22/Orange-Red
647.10/0.13/Red
650.00/0.11/Red
660.00/0.06/Red
670.00/0.03/Deeper RED
680.00/0.02/Deep RED
On of the most common questions I get asked is "why the colors?", and I usually answer:
1) Because we can
2) They are pretty
3) To give the customer a choice
One time, we had a customer come over to the booth and wanted to know which color would allow him to see numbers stamped into metal
I had no idea - since we were at a Gun show, the customer wondered over to another booth and borrowed a pistol and checked all the colors; he determined that AMBER was the best for his needs, I made a sale - and we booth were happy; so - its really up to the customer to decide the "perfect" use for a color.