I won't dimish the achievement, but is was more an engineering issue than a science issue. The LED is kind of like the Field Effect Transistor. The theory was well understood, but it took almost 40 years to figure out to build it. The LED theory was also very well understand, the challenge was how to actually make the thing. It was understood that you ought to be able to get a Junction with a .7v volt band gap to produce photons instead of heat for the .7 volts drop, and it was understood that it would be a near monchromatic light source.
There was however a pretty long leap between knowing it could be done and figuring out how to do it.