I have done some looking into the lens question. You can get sapphire, but it is really spendy, at least $ 50 for a small lens so far. Tranparency was not as high as an UCL. Scratch resistance was excellent.
The grocery store scanners often use diamond like carbon on glass coatings. Tough but relatively poor transparency.
Quartz lens - looks like it could be done in volume for $25 (cost). Very clear, surprisingly, not really any more scratch resistant that a good glass.
There are some AR (abrasion resistant) polycarbonates. Cheaper, decent scratch resistance, tough, not as clear as UCL.
The search goes on.