CR123 fire danger in flashlights

turbodog

Flashaholic
Joined
Jun 23, 2003
Messages
6,425
Location
central time
[ QUOTE ]
RayT said:
[ QUOTE ]
turbodog said:
Speculation, but possibly the venting process lowers the cell temperature. If you ARE discharging hot gases you want them to dissipate, not compress.

[/ QUOTE ]
Perhaps. But that would require venting a lot of gas and would certainly be noticeable in many of the sealed flashlights such as my L4 and U2. I have yet to hear any escape of gas when opening the lights after using them for as much as 15 minutes.

To compress gas enough to get high temperatures would require something like 200 PSI before it became uncomfortable. It would take much more than that to get the gas hot enough to combust other material. If you had in excess of 200 PSI in a flashlight you would certainly notice it when you removed the cap.

I still place my money on a knee-jerk reaction to a fire where a cause cannot be found. These plants have to have a reason for every incident along with a corrective action. The contractors bonus, and perhaps payment, is tightly tied to any safety events. If the contractor was found at fault they would be penalized. So finding an inanimate object at fault relieves the contractor, especially when the solution is that the contractor bans all CR123 batteries.

If the batteries were that hazardous there would be many recalls, advisories, consumer warnings, etc. There are not. The batteries are no more dangerous than any high current battery and in fact are much safer than lead acid cells.

/ubbthreads/images/graemlins/cool.gif

[/ QUOTE ]

From my experience and a little common sense..... cells do not typically vent during normal operation. So, while I respect you, I find no correlation about your (or my) L4 not having a pressure build up after continued use.


To go further..... let's assume the light DID start the fire. My best bet would be ignition of vented gases. Does someone know for sure if these gases are flammable?
 

snakebite

Flashlight Enthusiast
Joined
Mar 17, 2001
Messages
2,725
Location
dayton oh
the electrolyte is flammable.
i did some abuse tests of 123's and was able to get one to vent with flame.
reverse charging or a hammer blow to the top that causes a short will do it every time.
a flashlight with heavy spring tension and a cell with an insulator issue in the top crimp is a possibility .
 

RayT

Newly Enlightened
Joined
Mar 17, 2004
Messages
101
Location
Tennessee
[ QUOTE ]
mattheww50 said:...However a considerable less than a liter in side a flashlight could probably blow the flashlight apart and start a small fire...

[/ QUOTE ]
Except that would take tremendous pressure, probably in the hundreds PSI.

Remember the original post said there was a fire, not an explosion. When hydrogen explodes it does so quickly with very little flame duration. With amount of hydrogen that would accumulate in a flashlight there would not be a long enough flame duration to ignite paper.

Having been witness to reports from safety incidents in Oak Ridge, and the finding of the cause, much of it is just finding something, anything, to explain an incident. No incident can be left unsolved and there is tremendous pressure on the investigators to find a cause.

Many of these investigation teams are quickly thrown together from people with little investigation knowledge. Unless there is loss of life or personal injury there is no incentive to get intelligent people working on the investigation.

I suspect these investigators saw something that was not normal, a CR123 flashlight, and found an explanation that, although highly unlikely, could be used to explain the incident. I doubt that any lab work in a controlled environment use good scientific methods was used to arrive at their conclusion.

All of the incident reports that I have seen in Oak Ridge have no references to explain the finding, no lab reports, no prior work, just a lot of guesses.

By providing this report, which is mandatory, the contractor does not get penalized, or miss out on their performance reward as the blame can be placed on something the contractor did not know or suspect. No self respecting contractor is going to find the incident was the result of something the contractor did, or did not, accomplish. That is simply not done. The fault is always out of the contractor's control regardless of the real reason.

It is sad that the causal effect of many incidents does not get reported properly as the contractor is merely protecting themselves. I have seen it more than once, especially with Bechtel Jacobs Engineering in the operation of the plants in Oak Ridge.
 

cobb

Flashlight Enthusiast
Joined
Sep 26, 2004
Messages
2,957
I havent experience any problems yet. I know a local walmart was closed for a fire in a storage locker. I do not believe they said what was the cause. Maybe it was another flashlight or cell phone?

I have an all aluminum 19 led light from ccrane that I opened to just check the batteries. As I was about to reach the last thread of the top it popped of out of my hand onto the floor with the reflector. Turned out a battery was leaking and the inside was still wet from the acid. I washed it out, used wd 40 then put new batteries in it and check it mroe frequently now.

I agree with all of the above. It could be a mistake, the guy could of mixed batteries, put them in backwards, etc. Its hard to say. If its a real problem it would be mroe frequently.
 

PeLu

Flashlight Enthusiast
Joined
Jul 26, 2001
Messages
1,712
Location
Linz, Austria
[ QUOTE ]
RayT said: The 123 cells will flow a tremendous amount of current, much more than akaline or nicad, ....

[/ QUOTE ]

I doubt that, anyway, I also agree that this is not mainly a technical problem. Some time ago (more than a decade) a lithium cell in an emergency beacon failed and the responsible people panicked.
Therefore all batteries from these beacons were exchanged to alkalines. A friend of mine, a pilot, was able to get many of these lithium cells for free. All of them were useable.

And there was the demand for a AA driven Luxeon light for the simple reason that somewere in the military lithium cells are banned.
 

RayT

Newly Enlightened
Joined
Mar 17, 2004
Messages
101
Location
Tennessee
[ QUOTE ]
PeLu said:
[ QUOTE ]
RayT said: The 123 cells will flow a tremendous amount of current, much more than akaline or nicad, ....

[/ QUOTE ]

I doubt that, anyway,

[/ QUOTE ]
My understanding is that the internal resistance of a 123 cell is much less than that of akaline and nicad. This allows more current to flow.
 

MoonRise

Enlightened
Joined
Feb 9, 2004
Messages
542
Location
NJ
Current flow capability in a cell is related to its construction, physical and chemical.

CR123 cells can supply double digit numbers (teens) of amps in a short circuit, alkalines can do maybe high single digits of amps.

Ni-cads can supply high currents, but I don't remember what their typical short-circuit amp capabilities are.
 

PeLu

Flashlight Enthusiast
Joined
Jul 26, 2001
Messages
1,712
Location
Linz, Austria
[ QUOTE ]
RayT said:My understanding is that the internal resistance of a 123 cell is much less than that of akaline and nicad. This allows more current to flow.

[/ QUOTE ]

This is true for alkalines, but many NiCd cells have sintered electrodes with a much lower internal resistance. Even NiCd cells with sponge electrodes will beat a LiMn reagrding internal resistance.
And more important in this case, the internal resistance stays lower for the whole discharge.
I have seen NiCd power packs welding wires together, but never had it with LiMnO2 cells (but I have to confess that I've seen much more NiCd power packs).
Anyway, it is not smart to shorten either one.
And usually it is not easy to shorten these cells (but possible) accidently. All the shorts I have seen caused troubles ourside the cells.
 

BB

Flashlight Enthusiast
Joined
Jun 17, 2003
Messages
2,129
Location
SF Bay Area
[ QUOTE ]
snakebite said:
the electrolyte is flammable.
i did some abuse tests of 123's and was able to get one to vent with flame.
reverse charging or a hammer blow to the top that causes a short will do it every time.
a flashlight with heavy spring tension and a cell with an insulator issue in the top crimp is a possibility .

[/ QUOTE ]

Potentially, even someone dropping a 123 battery to the floor could damage a cell--setting up for a short sometime down the road (such as storage in a flashlight?). Even in every day manufacturing/engineering we had to make sure that components and materials are properly handled during assembly and packing--or run the chance of increased field failures (we even had the occasional small fires in computer systems). You had to assume that something may go wrong and other design elements would help prevent larger problems (use relatively low flammability materials, metal cases and screens, UL review/traceability, etc.).

In the end, unless they found a specific cause for the failure (sometimes a very expensive and time consuming process--if it is even possible to sift through the remains and find a root cause)--it may be better in the end for a nuclear operator to play it safe and use battery chemistry less likely to fail in such a spectacular manner.

Another interesting question would be "have these CR123's (used in flashlights) been removed from all NRC controlled plants in the US or was this just local to the site and contractor"?

If it is not a total ban--then it seems that this is more like generic CYA than really addressing safety concerns.

-Bill

PS: Also, has the plant/NRC "banned cell phones" (or at least some manufactures) as there have been quite a few reported instances of battery explosions by consumers in the newer models with high energy density batteries?

In the end--this appears to be coming down to the old risk/benefit ratio. The powers that be probably see that a flashlight is available in alternate technologies without much drawback--whereas nobody today would be without cellphones and digital cameras even if similar failures modes are reported all of the time. -BB
 

KevinL

Flashlight Enthusiast
Joined
Jun 10, 2004
Messages
5,866
Location
At World's End
[ QUOTE ]
BB said:
In the end--this appears to be coming down to the old risk/benefit ratio. The powers that be probably see that a flashlight is available in alternate technologies without much drawback--whereas nobody today would be without cellphones and digital cameras even if similar failures modes are reported all of the time. -BB

[/ QUOTE ]

I was just thinking, imagine if it had happened to an alkaline.

Contractor: "We'd like to BAN all alkaline powered devices."
PowersThatBe: "Are you out of your MIND?!?!" /ubbthreads/images/graemlins/crazy.gif
 

NewBie

*Retired*
Joined
Feb 18, 2004
Messages
4,944
Location
Oregon- United States of America
rube said:
I work at a nuclear power plant. A fire occured at another plant in my company. I'd appreciate your expert comments on the following taken from a company communication relative to the fire. I believe the issued lights were Surefire G2s

"a fire occurred in a small equipment locker in a security. The equipment locker contained small firearms and ammunition. The fire was extinguished and no injuries occurred.

Investigation results pointed to overheated lithium flashlight batteries as the source of the fire. (The type of lithium batteries involved in this incident were 3 Volt size 123.) These type of lithium batteries have a vent safety feature design. When these type of lithium batteries are used in a sealed flashlight, the safety feature of this vent is partially defeated by not allowing a vent path. The investigation team noted that this type of lithium battery failure appear to be isolated to flashlight usage.
Lithium batteries are also used in cameras, cell phones, laptop computers and etc. These product designs incorporate unobstructed vent paths.

Corrective Actions Taken
The following actions are being taken:
• Flashlights using lithium 3 Volt 123 batteries have been collected from Security, Operations and Chemistry personnel.
• Personnel were directed to turn in company supplied flashlights that use lithium 3 Volt batteries to their supervisors.
• Personnel are being prohibited from bringing their personally owned flashlights that use lithium batteries to their work site."


I had some questions for you if you still around on CPF...

Thank you for relating the experience, it is important for folks to know about failures like this.
 

dragoman

Enlightened
Joined
Mar 23, 2006
Messages
421
Location
Maryland
Interesting point that was brought up about sealed lights. I own one "dive certified" light, a Pelican SuperSabre 3C. This light is certified to 500ft of depth, and also MSHA certified for use in explosive atmospheres.

It is also the only light I have with a vent on the side, a one-way little button valve that is for venting gases. The light uses alkaline or NIMH batteries, I haven't tried lithium C's yet (do they make these?).

Just weird that a "sealed" flashlight has a vent when all my others don't......

dragoman
 

g36pilot

Enlightened
Joined
Dec 22, 2005
Messages
220
RE: SuperSabre

"NIOSH does not have sufficient information to determine whether the risks are higher with specific brands, models, or types of flashlights, than with others. However, the 1992 and 1995 explosions cited in this fact sheet involved one particular brand and model of flashlight: the Super SabreLite Submersible, Model 2000 series flashlight, manufactured by Pelican Products, Inc. (2255 Jefferson St., Torrance, CA 90501). "

Full Article here: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fact0002.html
 

PipesterLite

Newly Enlightened
Joined
Apr 2, 2006
Messages
34
Location
Finleyville, PA
Per Dragoman: Interesting point that was brought up about sealed lights. I own one "dive certified" light, a Pelican SuperSabre 3C. This light is certified to 500ft of depth, and also MSHA certified for use in explosive atmospheres.

I believe the exact wording on a MSHA certification is that it is certified for an "air/methane mixture". It would not hold for "all" explosive mixtures. I was only aware that the Pelican AA was approved. I will have to check their list on the MSHA website.

Thanks
 
Joined
Feb 14, 2006
Messages
2,724
SilverFox said:
I believe the vent on 123's are designed to open at about 150 psi. I am not sure the "O" ring seals on a "sealed" flashlight would be able to contain that amount of pressure unless it is designed as a "dive" light.

Tom

Put a few pieces of dry ice inside, put it in a soda bottle, then put the bottle in a pucket, wait around a day or two and see what happens :p
 

Benson

Flashlight Enthusiast
Joined
Feb 15, 2009
Messages
1,145
Because they wanted primary cells, not rechargeables with very low capacity?

Because I'm not sure LiFePO4s were even readily available back then?
 
Top