If you go to
Incandescent light bulb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb
It lists :
120 volt lamp 1,700 lumens.
230 volt lamp 1,160 lumens.
???
Why the difference? I expect the numbers to be different but not by that much.
Agree, Lower voltage lamps tend to be more efficient but not by that much.
I suspect that the comparision is between a rather poor 230 volt lamp, and a good 120 volt lamp.
In the early days of electricity supply it was used principly for lighting, and relatively low voltages were preffered as the lamps were both cheaper and more efficient.
Lamps of low power are much easier to manufacture in low voltages than high.
A 230 volt 15 watt lamp is a lot more expensive, bigger, less eficient, and has a shorter life than a similar wattage 12 volt lamp.
Euoropean Christmas decoration lights were almost allways series wired, often 12 lamps in series each of 20 volts, 3 watts. A 240 volt 3 watt lamp would be a far more costly item than a 20 volt 3 watt lamp.
In theory money could be saved by burning 120 volt lamps in series pairs on 240 volt circuits, but in practice the complication and risks of mistakes made it not worthwhile.