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Steelwolf said:
I would have though, with the heater, the electric costs would only be elevated during winter when they had to switch it on.
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Actually, the biggest part of opperating costs with traffic lights is not the electric costs, but maintenence and replacement.
Don Klipstein's site goes into this in very great depth at:
http://members.misty.com/don/lede.html
Brief Quote from the above page:
Why LEDs have 10x the efficiency of incandescent in traffic lights
One minor reason is that incandescent traffic light bulbs are not as efficient as "standard" incandescents. Incandescent traffic light bulbs ( traffic signal lamps ) are designed to withstand the vibration of trucks passing over potholes, and are designed to last usually 8,000 hours. Being turned on and off a lot is not much of a factor (explanation somewhere in my Incandescent Lamp File), but it might be a little significant if it has to be turned on and off nearly a million times in its design life expectancy. With the design compromised to keep on ticking after a good 3 years in a traffic light, its efficiency is only about 60-65 percent of that of a "standard" incandescent of similar wattage. So an LED 10 times as efficient as this is only 6 times as efficient as a regular incandescent. More below why LEDs can be 6 times as efficient as a regular incandescent in a traffic light while good white LEDs are hardly any more efficient than regular incandescents!
The major reason is that traffic lights are colored. The red and green lenses block about 70 percent of the light! In addition, LEDs normally specialize in producing a particular color of light. There is no such thing as an efficient white LED chip - the usual white LEDs have a fluorescent substance over a blue LED chip to convert some of the blue light to a broad spectral band from red to green. The red and green LEDs used in modern LED traffic signal units are slightly more efficient (sometimes substantially more efficient) than white LEDs. (Yellow does not play a major role in energy savings since red and green are used so much more than yellow.)
Add to this the fact that LEDs can be made in custom-designed molded "bulbs" with tailored optical properties. This makes it a little easier to get light concentrated to where it needs to go and waste less power in producing light where one does not need as much.
Given all of this, one can see why a bunch of LEDs drawing somewhere around 12 watts can do as good a job in a traffic light as the usual 116 watt incandescent traffic signal bulb!