If your computer has a 'wake up from USB' option in the BIOS, turn it on. You may also need to change a jumper on the board to set USB to use 5vsb instead of the normal 5v rail. Mine does, dunno about yours.
5v chargers.... It'd have to be a 1 or 2AA. You MIGHT be able to get a charger that can run off a 12v car-adapter to work, if it's a smart-charger. Cheapo 'resisor-regulated' chargers would likely not work. It'd all be dependent on the voltage the IC's need to run. Older ones needed goofy things, like +-9v, but a newer one should be ok.
If you wanted to, you should be able to make a simple charger with a 2AA holder, a curren-limiting resistor, and a zener diode. "Battery-charged" voltage + "zener breakdown" = "5vsb" Measure the 5vsb rail first- some PSU's regulate it funny (slightly higher or lower than spec). Choose a resistor that'll keel current thru the batteries below both the max-charge rate, and below the 5VSB rating on the PSU (remember that the computer draws some, too...)
I'd try it, if I had a spare system. Might want to wait until someone says "Neat Idea, PsycoBob!" or "Dumbass! that'll make the magic smoke appear!"
My grasp of circuits is so-so.