Quarts is the bulb envelope material. It can take higher temperature than glass and but shatters if there's any oil residue on it when the bulb is on (If my memory doesn't fail me)
Most quartz lamps are in fact Quartz Halogen, i.e. they often have small amounts of Iodine or Bromine inside, it reacts with the filament material that slow boils off the filament, to prevent it from depositing itself on the walls of the envelope, so the lamp doesn't darken with age.