Two polarizing filters can sometimes be used to overcome a light source which is too bright. Most simply done by snapping a pair of 3D glasses in half and rotating the individual lens, commercially I think they are called 'neutral density filters'
I suggest photographing with the light off. You can adjust the exposure, but I think light coming through the bulb will overwhelm the subtle effect on the surface. Use a continuous light source such as a table lamp or outdoors in shade and try adjusting the angle of the lighting. Flash on camera would probably cause glare and that would overwhelm the surface effect too.
If you do decide to photograph with the light on, I'm guessing you can get the proper exposure without using a neutral density filter. Turn the ISO to minimum, stop down to f16 and set the shutter speed really high, say 1/2000th or so. Adjusting those three items should give you a good exposure. A neutral density filter is almost never used with digital cameras. When film was used, you only had a single ISO film in your camera, so using a neutral density filter allowed you to effectively change the ISO mid-roll.
Most neutral density filters have a single layer and do not filter polarized light. They are like unpolarized sunglasses. I seem to recall in the very distant past, having a filter with two polaroid layers that could be rotated as suggested. Perhaps that was called a "variable density filter" — can't recall.