I'm afraid all the concerns are very well justified:
We're all doomed :duck:
Regards,
Tempest
Gordan Freeman shouldn't concern us... we should be thankful for his presence
...because, guess who else is there.
I'm afraid all the concerns are very well justified:
We're all doomed :duck:
Regards,
Tempest
I would actually be kind of funny if half the black holes in the universe were caused by other "intelligent" civilizations firing up their own versions of the Large Hadron Collider.
Needless to say, the proposed Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is due to be normal conducting.
Electromagnet field strength is based on ampere-turns. You get a lot more turns with 24 gauge wire as opposed to 16 gauge. As for what voltage, ideally zero since it the resistance of a superconductor approaches zero. In the real world probably greater than zero. Perhaps 24 gauge optimized the number of ampere-turns."150 amps" yes, but at what voltage? or how many watts?
and why 24 gauge? I mean would 16 gauge be so much more difficult to cool? at least they'd be a little more robust. or do the wires need to be that small physically? or perhaps niobium is very expensive?
As for what voltage, ideally zero since it the resistance of a superconductor approaches zero. In the real world probably greater than zero.
wiggler = horizontal undulator = take the beam and make it go left and right and left and right and left and right and etc. which makes it give off x-rays like crazy. Increases damping, which is needed for optical reasons, but it also increases the power needed to keep the beam in the machine.
Sorry to correct you, but a wiggler is not just a "horizontal undulator".
If you really felt like it you could make a helical wiggler, too.
The main difference is the deflection coefficient: A undulator deflects the beam so little that there is spatial coherence preserved between the individul bends. Thus emitted power scales with the square of the periods
A wiggler, otoh, is on the far end of the coherent-incoherent scale: Each bend adds incoherently (linear scaling), with a bending magnet profile (thus superconducting wigglers: The stonger field allows to extract more and higher energy bending radiation at each period).
While the undulator has moderatly sharp peaks that depend on magnetic field and spacing (the energy is proportional to the square of gamma divided by the magnet period).
Wigglers put out a lot more power than undulators, but A LOT less brilliance in the peak. T