In complete Defiance of Lithium battery rules

matrixshaman

Flashlight Enthusiast
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Ok - First I'll say DO NOT TRY ANY OF THE THINGS I have done in this thread. It is possibly very DANGEROUS. You might call me daring or just crazy but I tend to not take anyone's word for things. I check them out myself. And while my single tests here may not really prove anything other than maybe I'm lucky I'd like some discussion about why I am getting these results.
First up I wanted to check out the concept of how Lithium batteries will vent with flame or explode under a couple different conditions. If I recall correctly these were in reference to Lithium primaries but if I'm wrong someone let me know. One condition that will supposedly cause it to flame is exposure to water. So I put a used but still good working Battery Station CR123 battery in water. This is one of the older ones from about 2 years ago. I put it in water a couple minutes and nothing. Not even warm.
Next I heard that if you drive a nail through one then it will shortly vent with flame upon exposure to air. So I drove an 8" nail through the middle of the battery (the nail is the type used for hanging gutters so it is not very thick - similar in thickness to a 16p nail but is very long for safety in trying this). Nail was in and then removed. Nothing. Not even warm.

liion2xr8.jpg


Next I put the battery with the hole in it into water and let it sit for a couple more minutes. Nothing. Not even warm. I observed some very small mount of slowly developing white foam coming out of the hole but that was it. In the picture above you are seeing it sitting on wet dirt and some of the dirt is on the sides of the battery.

Next up I decided to recharge a Surefire primary CR123 using a 3.0 volt charger made for charging LiFePO4's or other 3.0 volt Lithium batteries to 3.6 volt ( the point where this charger stops charging ). The Surefire was new right out of a SF flashlight although it was only reading 3.04 volts after brief usage. It had current dating with expiration at 2017. I had 2 batteries out of that light with identical voltage readings of 3.04 volts. I put one of them in a Fenix P2D SE Q2 where I observed normal operation and was able to get medium and low with the battery. The Fenix P2D will go into direct drive if it has a higher voltage available like a rechargeable running at 3.6 volts. With that setup you don't get medium or low level light outputs. After charging the other Surfire until it got a green light I pulled it off the charger and checked the voltage at 3.54 volts. Not even warm. Good enough. So in the past I tried this with Surefires and was told that it probably didn't really have any power at that voltage and that under load it would not stay that high. Fenix P2D SE Q2 - same as the one tested with the 3.04 volt battery was loaded up with the charged Surefire. The tests showed no noticeable difference between high, medium and low levels so it was putting the Fenix into direct drive and obviously with enough actual power (not just false voltage with no real power) to keep the Fenix at what appeared high in all levels. Also the battery that was charged still reads 3.39 volts now after 10 days and some brief use in the Fenix.
So you are saying who would want to recharge a primary when rechargeables are now very affordable. Well I wouldn't for real world use but I like to experiment with the things that most people would accept as gospel without ever checking it out their self. And I realize from my one shot test here that I may have proven nothing other than sheer luck. But I'd like to understand why things aren't happening they way I've been told they should happen.
And again - don't try these things. I'm the guy who jumped off mountain tops and high cliffs in Hang Gliders for years and who had America's statistically most dangerous job at one time. I may have Angels riding on my shoulders so this is NOT something you want to try.

:eeksign: and just to save you the trouble :crazy:

:D
 
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Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

Wow, for a minute I thought you were going to say you shorted the terminals or something with a clamp and some aluminum foil :whistle:
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

eww...brown battery guts:green:


from my standpoint after reading everything single lithium safety thread from top to bottom my guess is either your very lucky or the cells you were using were faulty but has properties that are usually considered as normal batteries;)

interesting stuff though, this might be a much oblidged cheer to battery stations in terms of their cell's water resistance:laughing:
 
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Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

First up I wanted to check out the concept of how Lithium batteries will vent with flame or explode under a couple different conditions. If I recall correctly these were in reference to Lithium primaries but if I'm wrong someone let me know.

OK, I'm letting you know -- you do have the facts a bit wrong here. :)

Firstly, with respect to your thread title, lithium primaries are not lithium ion cells, they rather are lithium metal cells. Each of these types, lithium primaries and lithium ion secondaries are different in how they behave.

As to exactly how they behave, that relates to their chemical and electrical properties.

Let's first take lithium primaries such as the CR123A. These cells actually contain lithium metal, which reacts gently with water and burns vigorously in air (it will catch fire without needing much help). So the danger with lithium primaries is fire or exposure to heat. If you make them hot enough to burst, the lithium inside them may catch fire and then this fire is hard to put out.

Now to lithium ion cells. These don't contain lithium metal, but they do contain flammable chemicals, and they have an enormous capacity to release their stored energy quickly. Basically if you short circuit them they will put out so much electricity so quickly that sparks and hot molten metal are guaranteed. This will ignite the flammable chemicals and fireworks will follow. If you drive a nail through one the nail short circuits the internal electrodes and you get the aforementioned fireworks. See this video (second half) for a demonstration:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9ayuFBDrSg

Now lithium primaries can't release energy as fast as lithium ion cells, so shorting them out or driving a nail through one doesn't produce such instant results. But if you do short circuit one of them and wait long enough, they will eventually get hot and burst, and this will expose the lithium metal to air, and then they will have a risk of fire.

So in summary both primary and secondary lithiums have their dangers, but the danger presents itself in different ways.
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

SHORT ONE OUT!!!!

I wanna hear/see what happens!!

I like explosives!
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

I was kinda laughing up until I got to this point:

Fenix P2D SE Q2 - same as the one tested with the 3.04 volt battery was loaded up with the charged Surefire
It's all well and good to play around with cells if you know what you're doing, and I'll be the first to say that the funniest (and safest, if you follow basic precautions) way to dispose of no-longer-useful cells is to toss them in a fire or blow them up on purpose (best done with RC LiPo cells), but trying out a recharged primary in an actual flashlight is dangerous.

There was a thread some time ago of someone who had a CR123 explosion in his light (a SF if memory serves me right), and the pressure blew out the glass lens with such force that he received significant, although not life-threatening, injuries. Think of how nice it would be if your lens blew while pointed in the general direction of your face, or genitals... :eek:

So play with the cells all you want, but don't actually use them afterwards!

Now to lithium ion cells. (...) Basically if you short circuit them they will put out so much electricity so quickly that sparks and hot molten metal are guaranteed
Actually, I think most won't.
Unprotected LiIon cylindrical cells (that I know of...) are built with internal failsafes. If pressure or temperature (or maybe current draw) exceeds a safe threshold, the failsafes activate and cut off the cell's terminals from its chemicals.
I'm not sure about the cheapies, but I know for a fact Panasonic cells behave this way (cos I had one do it), and probably other brand-name cells as well.

Now prismatic cells I'm not so sure about, and RC LiPo cells are guaranteed to blow up if shorted.
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

Actually, I think most won't.
Well yes, the dangers are such that battery packs and consumer products are built with protection to guard against uncontrolled discharge. But such protections can fail -- there are stories in the media of people suffering burns and disfigurement due to exploding Li-ion batteries in cell phones where the batteries were supposed to be protected. It's really best to treat a Li-ion cell with the greatest respect and take no liberties with it. In the video I linked to, that Li-ion cell didn't just "vent with flame", it went bang.
 
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Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

I couldn't remember if it was the rechargeables or primaries that I saw vent with flame in a video after having a nail driven through it. So thanks Mr Happy for clarifying that. And while it might seem a bit foolish for trying some of the things I've mentioned above I didn't cover all the things I do to insure my safety including welders protective equipment and being ready to move very quickly. That's why I advise no one else try this.
So again thanks for some clarification on why this primary didn't produce any fireworks. Now I'd like to understand why charging the Surefire has not had any negative results. Other brands didn't seem to do as well with recharging (I tried several a couple years ago). So I wonder if Surefires have a slightly different chemistry that might possibly be partly rechargeable. Think Alkalines. They said at first they could not be recharged but then it was found they could be to an extent. You could get about 10 charges out of them if they were not heavily discharged. I had a special charger I bought many years ago from Sharper Image that would recharge regular alkalines (not just the ones that came out later that were labeled as Alkaline rechargeables). It did work although not great and they didn't take a lot of charge cycles.
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

SHORT ONE OUT!!!!

I wanna hear/see what happens!!

I like explosives!

That may be up next. :D I'll have to do a video for that. Do you think some 10 guage copper will be enough to keep from melting the wire before we have battery launch :eek: Any estimates on how long from short out to :poof: or flame out? Or will this just be another 'No Show' - If so I may need to retitle this thread to 'Mythbusters' but then I know from another message thread that Fallingwater doesn't like that show :poke: so I guess I'll refrain from that title :laughing:
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

That may be up next. Any estimates on how long from short out to I'll have to do a video for that. Do you think some 10 guage copper will be enough to keep from melting the wire before we have battery launch boom or flame out? Or will this just be another 'No Show' - If so I may need to retitle this thread to 'Mythbusters' but then I know from another message thread that Fallingwater doesn't like that show so I guess I'll refrain from that title

Interestingly enough, I've been doing similar stuff off and on for the last year or so and I've gotten the same results. With the exception of one LiPoly prismatic cell that smoked and fumed after i drove a nail through it, I've been spectacularly unsuccessful in generating anything more exciting than a little electrolyte steam and that only resulted from hooking a bad RCR123 up BACKWARDS to a 20 amp power supply. I suspect that the electrolyte steam resulted from simple joule heating.

My personal rule of thumb is that when the warnings get so hysterical that they're expressed in 32 point red flashing letters, as they are in some RC forums, there's probably more hype than fact involved. And though I'm not from Missouri, I am one of those "show me" kinda guys. I'm convinced that there is some hazard associated with prismatic cells but I'm not convinced about cylindrical cells.

Shorting RCR123 cells has resulted in nothing other than some mild heat. In fact, I have two that shorted spontaneously. That is, 0.0 volts out and 0 ohms between the terminals. I soldered copper foil shorts in place to make sure they stay shorted and use 'em as dummy cells.

I haven't been able to make myself short a new RCR123 cell, cheap SOB that I am, but the ones that I have shorted were a couple of years old and still in use.

I've read the reports here and elsewhere about exploding cylindrical cells and while I don't doubt the veracity of the writers, I do have to wonder what pathological circumstances caused those failures. So far I've not been able to achieve similar results.

John
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

Hello Matrixshaman,

The problem you are having is that you are using high quality cells.

I know that BatteryStation received UL approvial for his cells, and I think the same goes for SureFire cells. In order to recieve that approvial, they have to pass the UN shipping tests. Those tests involve direct shorting, crushing, and nail piercing, along with other tests. If the cell fails these tests, it does not get the UL rating.

If you could find some Marathon or GI CR123 cells, you may find yourself having different results. The initial run of Titanium CR123 cells would also be a good candidate. They did not have PTC protection and had other issues as well. After a round or two of testing, Wayne went back to the factory and had PTC devices installed and tightened the quality specifications of the Titanium CR123 cells. These cells performed very well. I am not sure any of the old cells are still around, but their label did not advertise PTC protection.

In order to get a nice reaction from your water bath, you need to saturate the water with salt. Then when you drop the cell that you have driven a nail through, you will get a much stronger reaction.

As you probably know, but others may not, to saturate a water solution with salt, you need to keep adding salt and stirring until the salt no longer dissolves.

Charging full cells to 3.6 volts, as you have discovered, is not going to give you much of a reaction. You may observe something if you can raise the ambient temperature to 80 - 90 F and let the cell charge for a couple of weeks, but even then I am not sure anything would happen.

In order to get enough gas to form to build the pressure inside the cell to a point where it will vent, it is better to start with a fully discharged cell. This should cook along at a rate that should become exciting... Also, you can move to a charger that charges up to 4.2 volts.

Be careful and stay safe. When playing around like this, my biggest concern is with fumes. Make sure you are well ventilated.

Tom
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

NeonJohn, Thanks for your confirmations of what I've been finding. Glad I'm not the only one with the inquisitive nature to check some of this out. And I fully agree that some of the FEAR (False Evidence Appearing Real) around Lithium batteries may be a little on the hysterical side. Granted there is very GOOD reason to be careful with them - but to totally avoid using them is IMO going too far.

SilverFox - Great to hear from you on this. As always your vast knowledge in batteries and charging is very enlightening and your information given here really does clear up a lot of things for me on these. I am very careful about the fumes as I've read all the threads in the past about the extreme danger from some of the possible gases that may be produced from these cells. I actually had a lot of chemistry at a University including Organic chemistry and lab classes associated with it so I do have experience and training in handling some dangerous chemicals. I think though with what you have stated that I don't feel much need for further exploration of these quandaries. Thanks again for your help with this.

FallingWater - I'll have to dig around to find that message thread but I'd swear there was some discussion about Mythbusters and you had expressed that you didn't like the show or something to that effect. Either way thanks for joining in here. Now I'll go see if I'm losing my memory or just confusing dreams with CPF message threads :crackup:
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

MatrixShaman

I dig your hands on approach. A buddy of mine and myself tried a similar experiment, with a 12V car battery charger set to 10A directly into a CR123. Nothing happened, go figure.

I have a number of spent CR123s and some very heavily used AW 17670s and 17500s that I have retired (ran them hard, hundreds of cycles at high drain rates), But I have most of my used and abused old cells of various types all in a big zip-lock bag awaiting the day I can drop them off at a collection point to recycle... maybe I'll put a few through some destructive testing to see what it takes. I just got my video camera back (has been over at a friends house for years) so maybe I'll fire it up and do something fun this week !)
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

mdocod - I've done the same thing too - forgot about that one. In fact it was a 10 amp charger too - and ditto - nothing happened from a short charge. That was a definite job for the full face welding helmet and gloves on that test... I know you'll be careful as I've seen your posts and know your knowledge on these is better than mine. If you do any tests like that please do let us know here on this thread.
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

I don't? Huh, this is news to me. Hear that brain? We don't like this show! :p
Hehe - well I was half right - maybe more like 1/4 right - you had posted on the Mythbusters thread. But I see now you just said something about it being pseudoscience and that it's a fun show. I had you mixed up with another poster in that thread who didn't like the show - I'll just take credit for having enough recollection at my age to even remember you had posted in the thread. :)
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

In case you don't survive, can I have your flashlights?

In all seriousness, I'd like to discourage you from attempting to detonate perfectly good cells without an immediate need for an uncontrollable incendiary device that might very well deal extensive damage to property and equipment.

In case you'd ask: I enjoy pyrotechnic shows, I hate mythbusters, I've never had any battery related accidents but I have been shocked by live current over 3 times and I pack a fire extinguisher next to my battery/charger drawer in the house.
 
Re: In complete Defiance of Lithium Ion battery rules

I dig your hands on approach. A buddy of mine and myself tried a similar experiment, with a 12V car battery charger set to 10A directly into a CR123. Nothing happened, go figure.
Try it with a 300CCA car battery and let's see what happens :D
 
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