Li-ion Batteries and their Protected Circuits

biker1

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With the many Li-ion rechargeable batteries available today, from several manufacturers, I am confused re: how their protection circuits work, as there appears to be different types of pcb's being used.

From what I have read, the pcb in the battery protects it, US and our flashlights from an overcharge when the voltage reaches 4.25V +/-, and protects from an over-discharge when the voltage drops to 2.5v +/-, or from a short circuit.

- I have read that a battery with an activated pcb can then be charged in a battery charger, which would reset the pcb.
How does one know if it is the Charger Resetting the pcb, or if the pcb reset itself, and the Charger is charging a battery whose pcb has already been automatically reset.

- I have read that the charger cannot reverse the activated protection circuit, and will not charge the battery until the protection circuit is reset manually.

- I have read that some cells have a pcb that activates, But then the pcb Resets once the load is taken away.

I have questions and comments regarding the above:

The question arises that when a battery reads 0.00V, how can you tell whether the pcb activated, or if the battery depleted itself? Is there a way to test the battery to see how the pcb works, or are their spec sheets available re: the pcb's of the various manufacturers?

I would think it would be more convenient for a pcb to automatically reset once the load was removed, so that it can be easily charged again. But on the other side of the coin, how do we know the pcb activated in the first place?

Even though it would require another step to manually reset an activated pcb, I would think that a pcb that stays activated until manually reset would be best because we would know the protected circuit is working.

I would like to know the Pros & Cons of the various types of pcb's being used, including, but not limited to the manual reset & auto reset features, and which manufacturers use which types of protected circuits.


Thanks
 
Hello Biker1,

Here is a little different way to look at protection circuits...

Treat all Li-Ion cells as if they are bare cells with no protection. You then treat them respectively, and most likely will never encounter the protection circuit. However, if you happen to get carried away, the protection circuit will kick in trying to keep from damaging the cell.

The low voltage protection can briefly interrupt the current, or latch open circuit. When you read a very low voltage, the circuit has latched open. You need to reset the circuit to determine the voltage of the cell. Sometimes the cell will reset on its own, other times it needs an external application of voltage and current to reset it. Some chargers are capable of providing enough to reset the circuit, but others are unable to reset the circuit.

Once again, if you never run the cell down that low, you don't have to worry about it.

If you have a cell that reads under 1 volt and your charger is unable to reset the protection circuit, you can briefly parallel the cell with one that is fully charged in an effort to reset the circuit. Briefly means 1 second contact or less.

I don't know how many cycles the protection circuits are good for, but they are not designed to be used with every cycle.

Tom
 
I appreciate your explanation.
My experience with my AW R123A cell was that the protection circuit 'latched open,' but also reset itself.
I was curious as to which batteries do this, and which ones use a protected circuit that has to be manually reset, as you described.
I have read posts where people say that their Charger was able to reset an AW cell, but in reality, the cell reset itself, which is why the charger was able to charge the cell. Unless there are certain AW cells which don't reset themselves, and the charger is able to reset the circuit.
I was confused by the other thread I was reading regarding chargers resetting certain cells. I'll find that link momentarily.

Here it is >>

How to reset battery protection?
 
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Hello Biker1,

Unfortunately, I am unable to help you...

I don't run my cells down to the point where the protection circuit kicks in, so I don't know. I have had a few cells trip during testing, but they usually reset on their own. The testing trips were caused by draining the cell at too high a current and not because of low voltage.

Some cells (including some of AW's cells) will reset on their own. Other cells (including some of AW's cells) will require the charger to reset or a manual reset. It depends on the conditions that caused the circuit to trip.

Tom
 
It's the new guy again. I found this thread and it helped. What happened is that our FD41 stopped working. Put in another battery and life was good. Unfortunately didn't try the "old battery" again. However, the "old battery" is actually a brand new Fenix 18650, 3500 mAh and this was its first time use after initial charging. This happened yesterday and when I checked the battery this morning it was at 3.91v. I put it in the charger and it charged to 4.23v (its the ARE-X1 and I forgot to check on it so it might have "trickled" for 15-30 minutes). OK, with all that said, I was wanting to know if anyone had experience with infant mortality on a new battery PCB "opening" on its first use and then auto resetting? Suggestions welcome.
 
OK, with all that said, I was wanting to know if anyone had experience with infant mortality on a new battery PCB "opening" on its first use and then auto resetting? Suggestions welcome.

The protection includes an over current protection, i.e. a powerful lamp may trip it.

If you want to know about batteries, check my website:
Articles: http://www.lygte-info.dk/info/indexArticles UK.html
18650 reviews: http://lygte-info.dk/review/batteries2012/Common18650comparator.php

There is a lot more than the above, use the link below to for the main index.
You can also find all my battery reviews here.
 

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