The circuit will handle RCR123's just fine. 18650's won't fit. 17670's should fit, but the light will not be fully regulated, and you may get a low voltage alarm fairly quickly.
Safer chemistry, but not really necessary. AW's standard protected cells are good, and they offer the best energy density. Meaning - they'll give you more run time than LiPo.
LiPo is unnecessary. Its only useful in high current applications (and in that case, IMR's are better). LiPo's biggest benefit is it's lower nominal voltage (3.2v, I think?) and lower fully charged voltage (Not sure, 3.6v?). This usually makes LiPo a suitible replacement single cell CR123 or CR2 lights ("Boost' circuit lights made to work with 3v cells).
For a Buck circuit light, such as the PD30, anything that adds up to around (at LEAST) 6v should work. That means two 3v primary cells, or two 3.7v Li-Ion's.
I'm probably going to get some AW 3.7 LI for my pd30 but I'm thinking the LIPo would be a good fit for my 6v river rock headlight since I think 2X 3.7's would fry it
Just a friendly reminder: LiPo does not equal LiFePO4. The first is lithium-polymer, and the 2nd is lithium-iron-phosphate (the capital "O" = oxygen, the small "o" = 2nd letter in "polymer").
I think you guys are talking about LiFePO4 batteries, right? I think LiPo is used in cell phones, etc.
There's a stupendously informative post in the batteries section of CPF about all the different types of lithium batteries.