First, let me say that this should
never be done. :shakehead Even when using cells that have properly working protection circuits, under a light current load, the circuit may not trip and the 16340 cell could be over discharged, or worse, reverse charged.
When you connect battery in series, they MUST have the same capacity; voltage CAN be different.
I can go along with this, to a point. With Li-Ion cells of the same type and potential capacity however, cells having the same voltage should be at the same capacity level, therefore the voltage should
not be different, to any significant degree anyway.
When you connect batteries in parallel, they must have the same voltage, and their internal impedance MUST be inversely proportional to their capacity.
I'm not too sure about this though, as pertains to Li-Ion cells.
Li-Ion cells generally, can be discharged in parallel without any ill effect. Li-Ion chemistry cells can be parallel discharged as well as charged, as long as the voltage is within +/- 0.5 Volt, which is potentially a considerable difference in capacity. In either scenario, the cells will balance themselves rapidly if there is a full 0.5 Volt difference, however the voltage potential will equalize so fast with Li-Ion chemistry cells, that it is not a problem, provided the +/- 0.5 Volt rule is adhered to.
NiCd and NiMH cells are a different story. While they can be discharged in parallel reasonably well, provided they are in a similar SOC, due to the nature of their chemistry, they cannot be parallel charged. Mr Happy explained this to me in another thread, which I will never be able to find, but the current flow through NiCd and NiMH cells differs considerably between cells with different IR, voltage potential etc. making parallel charging of these chemistry cells impractical.
It's hot here as well, Anthony. I woke up to an 80 F morning. It's too hot to convert to C, so you'll have to live with Fahrenheit today.
Oh, and no A/C here, and the forecast is for 96F. On top of that, today I have to work outside, most of the day.
Dave