I have a 128 LED light that uses 6AAs in 2x3AA (serial/series?) adapters. Pulling these out, I was unable to put a D cell battery back in their place. The barrel was just a hair too tight. Not all lights may be like this, however.
I do have a Garrity stainless 4AA incan (with camo cladding) that uses a single 4AA adapter ... and a single D cells fits quite well in its place. I'm 99% sure this is a series adapter (making the light a 6 volt) as the lone D cell (1.5 volt by itself) barely makes the filament in the bulb (KPR113) glow.
The KEY to swapping these around is knowing whether the cluster adapter/carrier you have or are intending to buy links the cells serially (adding the voltage together) or in parallel (just adds more capacity while leaving the voltage the same as printed on the side of any single cell).
If you buy 2 - 4AA (series/serial) carriers, load them full of batts and put them into a 2D light you would be going from a 3 volt set-up to a 12 volt set-up. The bulb will likely 'instaflash'
the first time the light is turned on and that will be the end of the bulb.
You might be able to find 12V bulbs (does the light use a PR based bulb?) and you'd have a wicked bright light ... but run-time will be poor. This might not be a terrible thing if you don't need it for long periods of time AND you are using rechargeables. :shrug: