I've been carrying my Canon SD110 when I'm on duty and have had pretty good luck with it. I carry a small tripod and the camera in a spare mag holder in my duty bag. The only issue I've had with this model so far is, I wish it used a traditional set of AA batteries.
Typically I'll shoot a video of the area being processed first, including date, time, case #, you know the drill. Describe a few of the areas of interest, then get down to the photoshoot.
Definitely consider the ability to attach a voice memo to your pictures, tagging a picture with a few seconds of audio is a whole lot easier than fumbling with your notebook between each shot (tho I do use a photo log). I tend to take more pictures than required since there's no film or development costs, and the memo lets me record the difference that I see in that view. I don't know how many photos I've taken in the past and I get back to the PD to write the report and can't for the life of me figure out I was looking at.
I second the Steve's digicam site, great info there and he does a good job of covering the macro aspects of the review cameras.