Re: got a mountain bike
Raggie,
Kudos to you for getting a mountain bike, great way to get around and it keeps your body in shape.
The problems with shifting can involve a few things: cables, cable housings, corrosion in the cables/housings, bent derailleur hangers, bent derailluers, derailluer height adjustment incorrect and high/low screws out of adjustment on the derailluers, worn chain and worn rear gears (called a "cassette")
The #1 cause of bad shifting is cable stretch. The cables will stretch over time and the extra slack throws the indexing (click shifting) out of whack. There is an adjustment barrel on the end of the cable were it enters the derailluer. Just UNSCREW it a little to tighten the cable and bring it back into adjustment.
Yep, time for a fascinating read about cables from a bike guru
http://www.sheldonbrown.com/cables.html
It is always amusing when a frustrated biker throws his ride at me and cusses out the shifting. Always something about !!@#$%^!! Shitmano or Crap Shift etc. I take a look and twist the barrel. They test it out and it works! The problem is they realize how it took me a few seconds to fix it and really get mad! /ubbthreads/images/graemlins/rant.gif
The problem with your seat post can be several things also. Your discription leads me to this conclusion: your seat post has an adapter collar around it so it will fit in your frame. The reason for this is simple, mountain bikes use many different inner diameters of tubing for the frame so they "sleeve" in frame with that adapter so "normal" sizes of seat posts fit.
The use of the sleeve adapters is called "half-assing" the design and it causes problems by allowing another joint causing the seatpost to slip. To fix this is simple... tighten the seatpost clamp (it might be a quick release lever) until it stops slipping. Crank down the allen screw (or bolt) until it snaps in half then back it off a quarter turn (just kidding) If you get it really tight and the seat still pivots, you might need another adapter sleeve as it is the wrong size.
If it uses a quick release, spin the handle and attempt to rotate the lever to the opposite side. It is at the right tension if the lever is hard to push when you reach half-way. Force it over and you should be fine.
I would assume your front shifting on the crank really sucks. This is part of the vast right-wing conspiracy. Crank shifting is a royal pain in the booty if it uses Shimano push button type shifters, not so bad if Grip Shift. Keep screwing with the adjustments until it works or do what I do, I use friction shifters for the front derailluer (old school in that the front derailluer moves what ever distance the cable pulls it)
If I lived in Florida, I would come over and strip your bike down, grease/adjust the bearings, throw new cables/housings on the beast and send you on your way. Alas, I sit here in Texas keeping my families herd of bicycles, mountain bikes, recumbents and BMX bikes rolling.
Keep me posted on your progress so I can continue to post long, boring and annoying bike posts. Good luck!