I can't see inside the pill. Could I assume that has some kind of boost circuit in it?
Well, given it's a 3+ volt LED running off of a single 1.5 volt battery, yeah. ^_^
I can't see much in there, either. I can make out what appears to be the top of an inductor, and what may be a surface mount electrolytic capacitor - it's tan with red ink, box shaped, has a band at one end an a + polarity marking on the board's silk screen.
The board itself is held to the bottom of the pill by the edges of the aluminum casing - it's sort of crimped in place. If I were to pry back the crimps, I would still have to de-solder the LED to get it open. Luckily the LED doesn't appear to be glued in place... It only has a little thermal grease between it and the pill housing.
I took a closer look at the remainder of the head assembly after my first post - the reflector unscrews and the lens is O-ring sealed. What's kinda strange is the way the lens is sealed. Normally, you see an O-ring that makes contact with the inner or outer face of the lens, so the reflector, retaining ring or whatever can push on it and make a solid seal. In this case, the lens is sealed around its perimeter. The outer face of the lens rests against aluminum, the inner face rests against the reflector, and the perimeter contacts the O-ring.
I measured the lens at 18.22 mm diameter with a dial caliper incase someone wants to take a shot at a glass replacement. A thicker glass lens would simply push the reflector, pill and such back down the tube (they wouldn't thread in as far) and compress the brass/copper spring washer a little more when reassembled.