"All other things being equal" would have to include more constraints for the bulb life specification to be a reliable indicator of possible output.
Efficiency is also a factor of filament shape, surface area, and length (this has to do with design voltage and current, along with other factors, different filament designs are used for different things, for example;many axial filament bulbs have poorer efficiency as the exposed filament surface area is lower. most very low voltage, high current bulbs also suffer from much lower efficiency from filament shape), also the size of the envelope, double envelope? (some have it), fill gas pressure and mixture (just because 2 bulbs say "halogen" on them doesn't mean that their fill gases are the same and at the same pressure).
Also, sometimes the most important factor is how the bulb "specification" is determined and reported.... Consider, that the concept of "bulb life" could be listed based on many different standards. If it's a flashlight bulb that is direct-driven by a battery, then it would make sense for the flashlight manufacture to re-rate bulb life based on the typical bulb life achieved when driven by that battery. (consider that in most configurations, the initial turn-on is very bright, followed by steadily dimming output. With that "dimmer" output at the end of the run probably running the bulb at a drive level that would actually run for hundreds or thousands of hours bulb life, averaged to the ~10hrs or less that most bulbs would last at the drive level they are seeing on fresh cells).
As another example, and in your case, probably the most important point to consider:
Landing lights are likely rated on the conservative end of things (to reduce liability) taking into consideration the rigors of vibration and the jolt of landing a small aircraft. The "15" hour rating on many landing lights is more accurately "15 hours of vibration and assault before failure and very likely no less and probably more but replace me after 15 hours regardless for safety reasons."
Your landing light probably contains a ~100-300 hour bulb that has been de-rated to 15 hours for aircraft use.
Yes, I'm jumping to conclusions that it is a landing light that you have your hands on.
Yes it's probably a very well designed bulb that throws like a monster
-Eric