Sure, there is a risk with everything, but here, this is definitely a fault in one or the other product.
1. Phone charger manufacturer stated specifically it can use a lithium AA in its FAQ.
2. Due to a fault in either the battery source or the battery powered appliace source, the battery exploded and caused property damage.
I have no idea which one's at fault, but one thing I know is that if what you described is true, you used the product normally, so either or both manufacturers should assume product liability for all cost of property damage.
Someone posted Streamlight rep told him avoid "Made in China" batteries. I don't believe this is true. My opinion is that you should avoid buying batteries from a brand without a substantial existance in the country you are in. The company isn't exactly worried about "reputation" in consumer brand.
Big names, regardless of where the item is made, cares about their brand image. For example, even if Energizer ships L91 manufacturing to China, because the corporation is in the United States, should something go wrong, you can directly go after their American corporation for damage liability.
hookoo, if you try it again with a different brand lithium, this time, say on an open dirt field or in the sandbox with nothing flammable within the 30' perimeter, you should be alright even if something goes wrong.